When he was first seeking the presidency in 2015, Donald J. Trump mocked his rival Jeb Bush, who at times answered questions in Spanish.
“This is a country where we speak English, not Spanish,” Mr. Trump said.
A decade later, Mr. Trump, now in his second term as president, is seeking to make what was once a political jab the official policy of the United States.
On Friday, a White House aide said Mr. Trump was planning to sign an executive order designating English as the official language of the United States. The official did not say when the president would do so.
The order is expected to be largely symbolic but would be the biggest victory yet for the country’s English-only movement, which has long been tied to efforts to restrict bilingual education and reduce immigration to the United States. More than 30 states have already designated English as their official language.
While more than three-quarters of Americans speak only English at home, there are about 42 million Spanish speakers in the country and three million speakers of Chinese.
The planned executive order would rescind a Clinton-era mandate that required agencies and recipients of federal funding to provide language assistance to non-English speakers, but would allow agencies to keep current policies and provide documents and services in other languages, the White House official said. News of the planned order was reported earlier by The Wall Street Journal.
“Establishing English as the official language promotes unity, establishes efficiency in government operations and creates a pathway for civic engagement,” a White House document said.
Reports of the planned order were quickly cheered by those aligned with Mr. Trump’s America First movement.
“This is HUGE,” Charlie Kirk, a conservative political activist, wrote on social media. “In an era of mass immigration, asserting that the English language as the American language, is a message of national UNITY.”
But the plan quickly prompted backlash from pro-immigration groups and Democratic leaders.
“Like dozens of the other executive orders and actions that have been taken, we’re going to have to examine if what he’s doing is actually in compliance with the law and the U.S. Constitution,” said Representative Hakeem Jeffries of New York, the House minority leader. “And to the extent that it’s not, I’m confident that he will be sued.”
United We Dream, a youth-led group, noted that the United States had never designated an official language in its history.
“We mean this with all disrespect: No gracias,” said Anabel Mendoza, the group’s communications director. “We see exactly what Trump is trying to do by continuing to put a target on the backs of Black and brown immigrants and communities who speak different languages, and we won’t tolerate it.”
The planned order also brought resistance from the American territory of Puerto Rico, in which 94 percent of residents speak Spanish.
“The president’s order declaring English as the only official language of the United States reflects a vision of American identity that conflicts with our Puerto Rican identity,” said Pablo José Hernández Rivera, the resident commissioner of Puerto Rico and a nonvoting member of the House. “There will be no statehood without assimilation, and Puerto Ricans will never surrender our identity.”
